Following Submarines Matters articles of October 5, 2018 and October 9, 2018 comes Anonymous commentof October 16, 2018. That comment, further translated, is:
New data has emerged on the price of Lithium-ion Batteries (LIBs) on the newly launched Soryu Mark 2 submarine 27SS, and also effecting future Soryus 28SS and 29SS.
The total price of the 672 LIB modules fluctuates every year, but the average price is US$78 million for 672 LIB modules. This is except for the first year [2016?] when there were additional costs? US$9.8million (for jigs, measurement equipment, etc) needed to start production.
One reason the price of LIBs (and also traditional lead-acid batteries (LABs)) fluctuates each year is the changing cost of raw materials in batteries. For example in the 27SS's LIBs this includes changing costs of Lithium, Nickel and Cobalt.
The total price of the 672 LIB modules fluctuates every year, but the average price is US$78 million for 672 LIB modules. This is except for the first year [2016?] when there were additional costs? US$9.8million (for jigs, measurement equipment, etc) needed to start production.
One reason the price of LIBs (and also traditional lead-acid batteries (LABs)) fluctuates each year is the changing cost of raw materials in batteries. For example in the 27SS's LIBs this includes changing costs of Lithium, Nickel and Cobalt.
A (rare submarine use only) LIB module is 4.5 times more expensive than a LAB module. Meanwhile a commercially available LIB may be four times more expensive than a LAB.
LIBs for 27SS, 28SS and 29SS are made of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (see red words in Table below). Chemically these LIBs for Soryu submarine are
LIBs for 27SS, 28SS and 29SS are made of Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide (see red words in Table below). Chemically these LIBs for Soryu submarine are
The maker of NCA LIBs is GS Yuasa which constructed a new manufacturing plant for LIBs for Japanese submarines in 2016. That plant has made sufficient LIBs for the Japanese Navy's (JMSDF's) medium term needs. The plant will restart production of submarine LIBs once it makes a profitable return on investment. See GS Yuasa's Reporting At a Glance on Fiscal Year 2017, page 32 at
[TABLE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES FOR SUBMARINE BY GENERATION
Anonymous created the following table on March 28 2017 at Submarine Matters site https://gentleseas.blogspot.com/2017/03/south-korea-to-be-2nd-country-to.html
Name | Composition or abbreviation | Energy density [kW/kg] (theoretical) | Note | |
First Generation LIB | Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide | LiNiCoAlO2 or NCA | 260 | for Soryus 27SS & 28SS. NCAs built by Japan's GS Yuasa |
Lithium Cobalt Oxide | LiCoO2 or LCO | 200 (1014) | Shinkai 6500 | |
Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide | LiNiMnCoO2 or NMC | 200 | ||
Lithium Manganese Oxide | LiMn2O4 or LMO | 140 (410) | Proto-type by JMSDF | |
Lithium Iron Phosphate | LiFePO4 or LFP | 120 (575) | LFYP (China) is family of LFP | |
Lithium titanate | Li4Ti5O12 or LTO | 80 | CEP- Japan | |
LAB | LAB | 40 | ||
LSB | LSB | (ca.2500) | ||
Second Generation LIB | Lithium Ion Silicate | Li2FeSiO4 | (1584) | High Safety, low cycle performance |
Lithium Manganese Silicate | Li2MnSiO4 | (1485) | High Safety, low cycle performance |
Anonymous commented:
Two routes of advanced LIBs development may be as follows:
Route 1 LABs --- First Gen LIBs --- Second Gen LIBs --- LSBs
OR
OR
Route 2 LABs--- First Gen LIBs --- LSBs
Second Generation LIBs (Lithium Ion Silicate or Lithium Manganese Silicate) show excellent properties such as very high energy density and safety. Their main drawback may be low cycle performance (ie. they cannot be recharged as many hundred times as First Generations LIBs). Studies to overcome this issue are being conducted.Battery University remarks"Manufacturers take a conservative approach and specify the life of Li-ion in most consumer products as being between 300 and 500 discharge/charge cycles."]
Anonymous and Pete
Second Generation LIBs (Lithium Ion Silicate or Lithium Manganese Silicate) show excellent properties such as very high energy density and safety. Their main drawback may be low cycle performance (ie. they cannot be recharged as many hundred times as First Generations LIBs). Studies to overcome this issue are being conducted.Battery University remarks"Manufacturers take a conservative approach and specify the life of Li-ion in most consumer products as being between 300 and 500 discharge/charge cycles."]
Anonymous and Pete