Some broad-brush thoughts:
Block V Virginias and I suspect future UK SSN(R)s (aka Astute Successors) available in the 2040s will boast around 4 VPMs.
The current Astutes have a beam/diameter of 11.3m (which increased by 1.5m from the preceding Trafalgars). This suggests the SSN(R)s may have a diameter of
11.3 + 1.5 = 12.8m.
Where I'm going is that a 12.8m diameter should allow a missile 12m tall. Even a Trident I C4 Missile was only 10.2m tall. It sported 8 MIRVs with a range of 7,400km https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGM-96_Trident_I .
Adding 2m, with lighter booster casings and more energy/kg propellant should permit a Trident I* range around 10,000km.
A SECOND THOUGHT
Australia's intention to build 8 or more (10?) SSNs could be rationalised to 6 SSNs protecting 4 full sized SSBNs. These SSBNs could sport full sized Trident IIs D5 (or D6 or D7 by the 2040s) of around 13.58m tall https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UGM-133_Trident_II .
With some pushing by the US and UK
the good burghers at the IAEA
will happily add Australia to the legal nuclear “haves” list. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons#Criticism_and_responses
Simple? Elegant? What could go wrong?! :)